A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of need Basedplanned Teaching Programme on Factors Influencing Childhood Obesity among the Mothers of school going Children (6-12 years) in selected School at Rajkot

 

Ms. Suparna Chakraborty, Mr. Jeenath Justin Doss. K

Community Health Nursing, Shri Anand College of Nursing, Rajkot Gujarat

 

ABSTRACT:

Childhood obesity is one of the major health issues of modern civilization. It has also been observed that the health problems of adult obesity can be prevented if obesity is controlled in childhood itself. Childhood is a critical period for the initiation of the obesity and associated morbidity. Factors that may cause children to become overweight and obese include: genetic factors, behavioural factors, environmental factors etc¹. The improvement of knowledge regarding factors influencing childhood obesity among mothers of school going children (6-12 years) has an important play in enabling the effectiveness of planned teaching programme as an independence nursing intervention. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding factors influencing childhood obesity. The research design adopted was pre-experimental one group pre test. The conceptual frame work for this study was based on Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1968) general system theory. The study had been conducted in Happy School at Rajkot, Gujarat. Purposive sampling technique had been adopted to select the desired samples. The sample size was 60. The data collected were analysed by using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The pre-test score of knowledge level among 60 respondents 48(80%) had inadequate knowledge, 12(20%) had moderately adequate knowledge and no subjects had adequate knowledge. After Planned Teaching Programme, 30(50%) had adequate knowledge, 26(43.33%) had moderately adequate knowledge and the remaining 4 (6.67%) had inadequate knowledge. The post test mean score was 19.70 with the standard deviation of 2.57, when comparing to pre test mean score 7.44 with standard deviation of 5.40, it was significantly higher and computed paired ‘t’ value 27.988 is higher than the table value 3.4632, which shows the Planned Teaching Programme was effective at P<0.001 level.

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Lifestyle is considered to be an important determinant of health and sickness. It has also a great role in growth and development of children. Some of the health problems are rooted in childhood habits and lifestyle. Among them obesity is a major problem. Childhood obesity is one of the major health issues of modern civilization. It has been observed that the health problems of adult obesity can be prevented if obesity is controlled in childhood itself. Childhood is a critical period for the initiation of the obesity and associated morbidity². According to 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 10 percent of two to five years old and 15 percent between 6 to 19 years old children in the United States are overweight.³

 

The global epidemic of obesity is one of the main public health problems in developed as well as developing countries. A child’s family has been shown to be very influential on a child’s eating habits, attitudes towards eating and assessment of satiety. Parents must be motivated to make changes in regard to child overweight problems and maintain them. If a parent perceives that their child’s weight is a problem, they will be more likely to employ changes.⁴

 

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

Obesity, a common nutritional disorder in childhood, is a complex problem that is poorly understood with multiple aetiologies and often unknown contributing factors. Obesity that is acquired during childhood often persists into adulthood. Obese persons are at increased risk of developing a number of disorders during childhood or as adults including hypertension, respiratory diseases, gallstones, orthopaedic problems, diabetes mellitus and elevated levels of serum lipids and lipoproteins.⁵

 

The prevalence of childhood obesity has grown exponentially to become a measure public health concern. Various literatures suggest that childhood obesity is associated with a range of physical, social and psychological effects, including poor self-esteem, depression, social isolation and cardiovascular and other morbidity. Parents are known to be important in determining early eating and exercise habits, and their involvement is crucial to achieving a positive child health outcomes. However information about parental attitude and believes in varied demographic setting is crucial clinical research that is needed to assist practitioners who develop and implement successful prevention and treatment protocols. It is clear that if parents believe Obesity is detrimental to the health of their child, teaching strategies are very different than if parents believe an overweight child is in better health. The lack of information about parent’s perception of the child’s obesity can easily lead to parent noncompliance and possibly worsening of the child’s obese condition. In an effort to increase understanding of how to best help parents correctly meet their child’s dietary and exercise needs, a teaching program can be conducted. Several studies have documented association between number of hours the children watches TV and the rate of Obesity. Moreover, heavy TV watching has been associated with higher intakes of calories, fat, sweet and salty snacks and carbonated beverage among children. This may be due to increased exposure to advertising campaigns for these foods.⁶

 

Nayak BS, Prakash R (2007):

A comparative study on the lifestyle practices of obese and non-obese school children was conducted in Dakshina Kannada district with the aim to describe the lifestyle practices and to compare the lifestyle practices. The study comprised of 946 children, out of which 53 obese /overweight and same numbers of non-obese children were selected. The study results showed that among the both group largest number of non-obese children 19 (35.8%) out of 53 had good lifestyle compared to obese children. It also depicted that all obese children had only average dietary practice and TV viewing score but majority 51 (96.2%) out of 53 non obese children had good practice related to dietary and TV viewing score. Further the study indicated that physical activity among obese children was poor whereas among non-obese it was average. Even the sleep pattern among obese was poor when compare to non-obese children. Overall the study results showed that there was significant difference between the lifestyle practices of the obese and non-obese children. In view of the above magnitude of the problem, the prevalence of obesity among children in developing country is consistently high. This indicates that there is need for health education campaign to the family especially to the mothers. So that the preventive and control practices can be taught to the mothers and implement in day to day life.

 

OBJECIVES:

·      To determine the level of knowledge of mothers regarding the factors influencing childhood obesity.

·      To evaluate the effectiveness of need based planned teaching programme in terms of gain in level of knowledge.

·      To find out the association between knowledge of mother regarding the factors influencing childhood obesity with their selected demographic variables.

 

HYPOTHESIS:

H₁-The mean post-test knowledge scores of mothers attending the need based planned teaching programme will be significantly higher than their mean pre-test knowledge scores as measured by the knowledge test questionnaire.

H₂-There will be a significant association between level of knowledge and selected demographic variables.

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Research Design:

Pre experimental research design - One group pre test – post test design.

Setting:

The study was conducted in Happy School, Rajkot.

 

Population:

In this study Population consisted of mothers of school going children (6-12 years).

 

Sample:

Totally 60 samples were collected.

 

Sampling Technique:

The samples were selected for this study by “Non-Probability Purposive” sampling technique.

 

Data Analysis:

The data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

 

FINDINGS:

The major findings of the study include:

 

A.     Findings related to demographic characteristic of subjects:

·      Majority of 24(40%) mothers were between the age group of 31-35 years.

·      Majority of 26(43.33%) mothers had secondary/higher secondary education.

·      Majority of 44(73.33%) mothers were house wives.

·      Majority of 56(93.33%) were vegetarian.

·      Majority of 26(43.33%) mothers parenting style was lenient.

·      Majority of 56(93.33%) mothers were Hindu.

·      Majority of 36(60%) were belonging to middle class family.

·      Majority of 30(50%) living in joint family.

·      Majority of family monthly income 36(60%) were Rs.5000 to Rs. 6000.

·      Majority of sources of knowledge 20(33.33%) got the knowledge from the friends and family members.

 

B.     Findings according to assessment of knowledge:

Regarding pre-test score of knowledge level, from the 60 respondents 48(80%) were having inadequate knowledge, 12(20%) were having moderately adequate knowledge and 0(0%) were having adequate knowledge. Regarding post-test score of knowledge level, from the 60 respondents 4(6.67%) were having inadequate knowledge, 26(43.33%) were having moderately adequate knowledge and the remaining 30(50%) were having adequate knowledge.

 

C.     Findings according to effectiveness of planned teaching programme:

In this study that the overall aspects of pre-test and post-test knowledge score of respondents, the pre-test mean was 7.44 and the post-test mean was 19.70. The post-test knowledge of the respondents were significantly higher than pre-test knowledge score, the obtained’ value 27.988*** was highly significant at 0.001 level with df=59 (table value-3.4632). So the research hypothesis (H₁) is accepted.

 

D.     Findings according to association between socio demographic variables with pre-test:

·      There was significant association between the pre-test score and socio demographic variable such as educational status, occupational status, socio economic background and monthly income of family.

·      There was no significant association between the pre-test score and other demographic data such as age, eating habits, parenting style, religion, types of family and sources of health knowledge.

 

CONCLUSION:

The main conclusion from this present study is that most of the mothers of school going children had inadequate knowledge in pre-test and after planned teaching programme50% mothers of school going children gained adequate knowledge. So, the level of knowledge of mothers of 6-12 years of age children will be enhanced by using structured teaching programmes, leaflets, pamphlets etc.

 

REFERENCE:

1.     Betz, C. Childhood Obesity. Nursing Prevention and intervention approaches or needed. Journal of Pediatric Nursing .2000; 15 (3):135-136.

2.     DI.M. Swaminathan, hand book of food and nutrition, published by the Bangalore Printing and Publishing Co. Ltd, edition 2010, page no.203.

3.     Basavanthappa B T (2005). “Text Book of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing.” First Edition. Ahuja Publishing House. page no 488.

4.     Nayak BS, Prakash R. Comparison of the lifestyle practices of obese and non- obese school children. Nightingale Nursing Times 2007 Oct;24-7.

5.     Towns N, D’Auria J. Parental perceptions of their child’s overweight: an intergrative review of the literature. Journal of Paediatric Nursing 2009 Apr; 24(2):115-30.

6.     Nayak Baby, Factors Associated With Prevalence of Obesity among School Children, Journal Of Nursing Research Society of India. (2007)2, 36.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Received on 14.09.2017       Modified on 22.11.2017

Accepted on 18.01.2018       ©A&V Publications All right reserved